Inola History

From 1872 to Modern Day

Located in Rogers County at the southern terminus of State Highway 88, Inola lies twenty-eight miles east of Tulsa.

For most of the nineteenth century, the area was situated in the northeastern portion of the Creek Nation. In 1889, the Kansas and Arkansas Valley Railway (eventually the Missouri Pacific Railway) laid tracks from Wagoner through the region to the Kansas line.

In March 1890, Inola, which translates to English from Cherokee as "Black Fox," received a postal designation, with George Black as postmaster. The post office was discontinued in September 1890 but reestablished in April 1891. In 190,1, the estimated population was one hundred residents, and two general stores, a blacksmith, two livestock dealers, and a physician served the community. In 19,02, the Dawes Commission had the town surveyed and platted before the Creek allotment.

In 1906, M. J. Phillippe founded the Inola Register, the town's first newspaper. Later journals included the Inola News and the Inola Independent. In 1910, the population stood at 405. In 1911, a bank, two hotels, eight general stores, a drugstore, a hardware store, a lumberyard, a blacksmith, a tinsmith, and a school system, with eleven teachers, functioned in the town. The community benefited from the area's agriculture, oil production, and coal mining.

Strip mining of coal resources occurred before 1907 statehood and continued to be the prominent means of extraction. By 1920, the population had climbed to 498, but it declined to 398 in 1930. In 1940, the number of residents was 395. As the coal industry depreciated and a rural-to-urban shift developed after World War II, the population fell to 294 in 1950. In 1955, the town had three grocery stores, three general stores, a hardware store, a drugstore, an ice plant, two gas stations, and a garage.

For the rest of the twentieth century, the population boomed, with the town emerging as a "bedroom" community for Tulsa. In 19,60, the population was 584, climbing to 948 in 1970.

Black Fox Nuclear Power Plant & Protests

Read the full story.

In 1973, the Public Service Company of Oklahoma initiated its plans for a nuclear reactor near Inola. That year, the town began the process to annex the land that would house the plant. The proposed reactor, which was named the Black Fox Nuclear Power Plant, generated local and regional protest. In 1982, the electric company discontinued construction and abandoned its plans. In 1980, Inola's population reached 1,550. In 200,0 it stood at 1,589. That ye the school district (grades prekindergarten through twelve) enrolled 1,337 students. In 2,010, the population was reported at 1,788.

Larry O'Dell

In 1889, the Kansas and Arkansas Valley Railway (later acquired by the Missouri Pacific Railway) built a line from Wagoner, Oklahoma, through Toyil to the Kansas state line. The area was then just inside the northeastern corner of the Creek Nation in Indian Territory. A post office was established in March 1890 with the name Foyil. It was closed in September 1890, but reopened in April 1891. By 1901, the population was estimated at 100 people. The Dawes Commission had the town platted in 1902, before the Creek allotment.

Strip mines began producing coal nearby before statehood in 1907, causing a small boom in population. Inola's population was 405 in 1920. As the coal industry began to decline, so did the town's population. The 1930 census reported only 399 residents. The decline continued through the post-World War II era, reaching 294 in 1950. A turnaround began in the 1950s as residents began commuting to Tulsa. Inola's population grew to 584 in 1960 and 984 in 1970. Growth continued despite the Black Fox Nuclear Power Plant (discussed below). The 1980 census showed 1,550 residents, increasing to 1,589 in 2000 and 1,788 in 2010.